Proteins are the primary executors of cell function, and abnormal protein expression or modification in cells plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of diseases. Thus, metabolomics is widely used to diagnose and prevent animal disease. This metabolic readout of the phenotype is often called the “Metabotype”. As a result, metabolomics can enable researchers to obtain a sensitive and more complete description of the phenotype. Metabolites are effectively the end products of complex interactions occurring between structures inside the cell (the genome) and events, exposures, or phenomena occurring outside the cell or organism (the environment). It would be of benefit to understand the molecular and genetic mechanisms of the immune system in different pig breeds. When disease struck a farm, the growth or reproductive performance of Large White pigs was severely affected while that of the Min pigs in the same enclosure remained normal. In addition, the SLA class I gene has a stronger polymorphism in Min pigs. Studies have shown that the number of red blood cells, the absolute value of neutrophils, and the percentages of T helper cells (CD4+T lymphocytes) and cytotoxic T cells (CD8+T lymphocytes) in Min pigs were significantly higher than in Large White pigs ( p ≤ 0.01). The Min pig is an excellent local breed in China that has high immunity and strong disease resistance. At the same time, pig diseases, especially viral infectious diseases, seriously threaten the health of pigs and the benefits of pig production. The pursuit of high-yield targets often results in reduced disease resistance. Modern pig production has a certain degree of antagonism between production traits and resistance traits, which show a negative genetic correlation. Pork provides humans around the world with about half of their animal protein resources. Our study provides a basis for further clarifying the disease resistance mechanism of pigs. Most of the proteins could be validated with parallel reaction monitoring, which suggests that these proteins may play an essential role in producing or regulating unsaturated fatty acids and immune factors to cope with the adaptive immunity of different pig breeds. These proteins may play important roles in regulating the production or metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids and immune factors. Moreover, seven of them co-localized with both immune and PUFA QTLs, including proteasome 20S subunit beta 8 (PSMB8), mannose binding lectin 1 (MBL1), and interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP). Quantitative trait locus (QTL) co-location analysis results showed that 13 of 15 proteins co-localized with immune or polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-related QTL. Correlation network analysis showed that 15 proteins were significantly correlated with the expression of both cytokines and unsaturated fatty acid metabolites. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) confirmed that four key metabolites, PC (18:1 (11 Z)/20:0), PC (14:0/P-18: 0), PC (18:3 (6 Z, 9 Z, 12 Z)/16:0), and PC (16:1 (9 Z)/22:2 (13 Z, 16 Z)), were significantly associated with phenotypes, such as cytokines, and different pig breeds. Ensemble feature selection (EFS) machine learning methods were used to predict biomarkers of metabolites and proteins, and the top 30 were selected and retained. A total of 62 metabolites were identified as being significantly exhibited in M and LW pigs. In our study, we used serum untargeted metabolomics and proteomics, interrogated to characterize differences in the molecular immunities between six resistant and six susceptible pigs raised in the same environment. However, the molecular mechanism of this resistance is still unclear. Previous research has indicated that Chinese native pigs, such as the Min (M) pig, has a better disease resistance ability than Large White (LW) pigs. Pig diseases seriously threaten the health of pigs and the benefits of pig production.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |